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George Reid (Australian politician)
Sir George Houstoun Reid, (25 February 1845 – 12 September 1918) was an Australian politician, Premier of New South Wales and the fourth Prime Minister of Australia.
Reid was the last leader of the Liberal tendency in New South Wales, led by Charles Cowper and Henry Parkes and which Reid organised as the Free Trade and Liberal Association in 1889. He was more effective as Premier of New South Wales from 1894 to 1899 than he was as Prime Minister in 1904 and 1905. This partly reflected the disappearance of the rationale for the Free Trade Party with the imposition of tariffs by the federal government and the disappearance of the political centre ground with the rise of the Australian Labor Party. Although a supporter of Federation, he took an equivocal position on it during the campaign for the first referendum in June 1898, earning himself the nickname of "Yes-No Reid."
==Early life==
Reid was born in Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, son of a Church of Scotland minister, and migrated to Victoria with his family in 1852.〔 His family was one of many Presbyterian families brought out from Scotland by Rev Dr John Dunmore Lang, with whom his father worked at Scots' Church, Sydney. He was educated at Scotch College, where he said he could "read, write and count fairly well", but had "a lazy horror of Greek" and no appetite for the "wide range of metaphysical propositions" that formed part of the curriculum.
At the age of 13, Reid and his family moved to Sydney, and he obtained a job as a clerk. At the age of 15 he joined the School of Arts Debating Society, and according to his autobiography, a more crude novice than he had never begun the practise of public speaking. He became an assistant accountant in the Colonial Treasury in 1864 and rose rapidly, becoming head of the Attorney-General's department in 1878.〔 In 1875 he published his ''Five Essays on Free Trade'', which brought him an honorary membership of the Cobden Club, and in 1878 the government published his ''New South Wales, the Mother Colony of the Australians'', for distribution in Europe.〔 In 1876 he began to study law seriously, which would provide the independent income necessary to pursue a parliamentary career (given that parliamentary service was unpaid at the time). In 1879, Reid qualified as a barrister.〔
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